Internal-combustion engine



1,697,987 H. E. MCCRAY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Jan. 8, 1929.

Inflenm 2 Sheets-Sheet- 1 Original Filed Feb. 15, 1923 Jan. 8, 1929.

v 1,697,987 H. E. M CRAY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed Feb.15, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 r m e f h ll! lll llll e mm\ v Patented Jan.8, 1929.

HAROLD E. meaning, or NArEaLoo, IOWA, assrenoa ro :rorm DEERE TRACTOR00M PANY, OEWATERLOO, IOWA, A oorrro'zenrron or IOWA.

InrEENAL-coMBUsrroN ENGINE.

originall application filed February 15, 1923, Serial No. 619,081.Divided and this application filed April 27,

- 1925. Serial No. 25,155.

. My invention relates to internal combustion engines of thehorizontal'type such'as are commonly used for operating farm machinery,and my presentapplication, which is a division of my pendingapplication, Serial. No. 619,081, filed February 15, 1928,

and issued Nov. 8, 1927, as Patent No. 1,648,737 has particularly to dowith the equipped withthe improvements that constitute the subjectmatter of this application" y V Fig. 2 is a partial end view of that endof the engine at which the intake and exhaust valves are located; and

Fig. 8 is a partial horizontal section. on

' line 33 of Fig. 2.

In the drawings I have illustrated my'improvements applied to a singlecylinder horizontal engine comprising-a hollow base 4 in the form of acasting adapted to be bolted or otherwise secured to a'supporting plate5, of woodor other suitable material,

and to contain within it a fuel tankt which preferably occupies thegreater portion of said base. Mounted upon the base 4 is a crank case 7having a removable cover 8 secured by bolts .9, and integral with said'crank. case is a combined cylinder block and water hopper 10 throughwhich a cylinder 11 extends horizontally, as best shown in Fig. 3 andindicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1. A crank shaft 12 extends trans-Tand ismounted in suitable bearings in the side walls thereof,

v aid crankshaft being'connected by a pitm'an 13, indicated by dottedlines in Fig. '1, with a: piston 14 operating in the cylinder 11, asalsoindicated by [dotted lines in sald figure. The crank shaft 12 preferablycarries two fly-wheels .15, one at each side of valve: seat.

the engine, one of said fly-Wheels'being shown in Fig. 1. The wall ofthe cylinder block 10, with the cylinder 11, forms a.

water-holding chamber 16,- as shown in Fig. 8, and a removable plug 16-is provided in the bottom of the cylindervblock for drawing off thewater when desired. Electric current for ignition purposes is furnishedby a magneto 17 mounted on the crank case 7, as shown in Fig. 1. 1 Theinner end of the cylinder 11 opens into the crank case 7 as usual, anditsouter end is closed by a removable head 18, that is secured to thecylinder block by bolts'19 shown in Fig. 2. 'Said headcontains anignition chamber 20 and an exhaust chamber 21, both of which communicatewith. the cylinder 11. The cylinder head 18 has mounted upon itan intakevalve 22. and an exhaust valve 23, the former of which normally closesan intake port leading from a mixer body, hereinafterdescribed, whileries;

the latter closes a port leading to the exhaust chamber 21. As shown inFig. 3, these two valve ports are formed'in the inner face of thecylinder head 18, with the valves opening inwardly into the end of thecylinder; By this construction, the clearance area of the cylinder canbe reduced to a relatively small volume, which is desirable in stationary farm engines as it enables high compression pressures to'beobtained, which assist in the proper combustion of the lower ber fromthe'intake pasageway prevents the a carbon'andother residue of unburnedfuel oil, which tends to accumulate-in the ignition chamber,fromcollecting on the intake The valves 22 and 23 are normally heldseated by springs 24, '25 mounted onthe stems 26, 27 of said valvesrespectively, as shown in Fig.8. A mufller 28 is connected withtheexhaust chamber 21,

so that the exhaust gases are discharged of these stationary engines.

plication filed of even date herewith. As-

sociated iththe'ignition chamber are make and break ignition devices,indicated.

being concerned only with the means for sup lying a proper mixture offuel elements to t e ignition chamber. 20. Valve operating devices,indicated generally bythe reference numeral 30, serve to open theexhaust valve 28 at the proper time to permit spent gases in thecylinder 11 to be discharged through the exhaust chamber 21 and mufiler28. y

The. cylinder 11is supplied withhydrocarbon liquid-fuel from the fueltank 6 througha pipe 31, thelower end of which is connected with anelbow coupling 82, which in turnc'onnects with a pipe 33 leading fromthe lower portion of the tank 6 and provided With a check-valve 8 1. Thecoupl1ng 32 and pipe-33 are located. within the base 4, as shown inFig.1, so that they are well protected. The upperv end of the pipe 31'connects with an intake nozzle or mixer body in theform of a pipethat isintegralwith the cylinder head 18 and. extends downward: therefrom, asshown in Fig. 2, its open-lower end being deflected laterally, as shown2L1)".36 in Fig. 2, and being provided' with a swinging. lid 37 pivotedat 38, by-which the open end of said, mixer body may be wholly: orpartially closed to regulate. the admission of air thereto. 1 The pipe31 connects with a plug .39 screwed into one side of the pipe 35adjacent to the lowerend thereof, which plug at its inner endis providedwith a, valve seat that is adapted to :cooperate, with .the

inner end of a needlevalve 40 mounted in the opposite side of the pipe35,. as best shown in Fig. 1. Obviously by .screwing the valve 40 in orout, the size of the fuel inlet opening-may .be varied to regulate thevolume of liquid fuel admitted to the mixer body 35. The upper end. ofsaid mixer bod communicates with the cylinder 11 throng the port in thecylinderhead 18 that is normally closed by the intake valve 22. It willbe-observed from Fig. 3 that theupper end of this mixer body cor-intakepassageway is disposed in close proximity to the exhaust chamber 21,both substantially abutting each other with a single-dividing wallintervening." This constructionplac'es these .p

two passageways in close heat transmitting relation, which hasthegdesirable. action of preheating ;the mixture passing up through the.mixer body. The intake valve 22 'is opened by the suction of the piston141, provided the exhaust valve 23" is closedv so that the s'uctioniseffected to open said intake with the art, in engines of this type it isdesirable, in order to economize fuel, to shut .oif-thespark and holdthe exhaust valve open while the fly-wheel continues to rotate above acritical speed, In other words, i

sometimes the flywheel can make quite a numberof revolutions betweenexplosions without dropping below its critical speed,

shut oifthe sparkand hold'theexhaust valve open so that fuel willnot bedrawn itnto the cylinder and consumed :except as needed. When, however,the exhaust valveis closed, on the recessive stroke of thepiston, theintake valve22 is opened bythe suction of the piston and a chargeof fuelis drawn into the cylinder from, the mixer body 35, the suctionoperating not only to draw fuel from the supplytank 6 through the pipe31 and the valve controlled opening there from into said mixer body, butalso to draw air in greater or less ,volume into saidfmixer bodythroughvthe open lower end thereof. The fuel and; air thus drawn intothe mixerbody will be mixed therein during their passage therethrough,so. that when admitted to thecylinder 11 they will be in propercondition for efie'ctive combustion. It will valve, but as is well knownto those familiar be noted. that the fuel is discharged ,7

into, the mixer body. 35 at right angles to the direction -,of itsmovement through said mixer body toward the cylinder, which is anadvantageous feature, as by this means sufiicient restriction isprovided to make the I engine operate effectively by suction to raisefuel from the base, which is at a lower level than the, cylinder. Byadjusting theair controlled plate or lid 37, and the needle valve 40,themixer may benicely regulated so as to secure the most efficientoperation of the engine. r e v The featureof making the mixer bodyorintakenozzle an integral part of a remov- .able cylinder head is animportant one, as

to secure by Letters Patent, is'

1. In a single cylinder type of stationary internal combustion engine,thejcombmatloncylinder head .havin intake and exhaust orts formed intheunner face thereof, intake and exhaust valves controlling said itcontributes to economy of manufacture ,with a cylinder and piston, of aremovable 80 andin such circumstances it is desirable to; p

ports and having their valve stems projecting outwardly from the outerside of said cylinder head, an intake passageway integral with said headand communicating with said intake port and with the atmosphere andcomprising a mixer body formed integrally with said head, means forsupplying fuel to said mixer body, an ignition chamber formed integrallywith said removable head and separately from said intake passageway, andmake and break ignition devices'in said chamber.

2. In a horizontal cylinder type of stationary internal combustionengine, the combination of a horizontal cylinder, a piston therein, aremovable cylinder head having an intake port disposed substantiallycentrally in said removable head, an exhaust port in said removable headdisposed above and to one side of said intake port, an ignition chamberin said removable head disposed above and to the other side of saidintake port, intake and exhaust valves for said ports respectivelyhaving their valve stems projecting outwardly from the outer side ofsaid removable head, make and break ignition apparatus in said ignitionchamber, intake and exhaust passageways communicating with said intakeand exhaust ports, said passageways being in heat transmitting relationfor preheating the entering mixture, said intake passageway comprising amixer body formed integral with said head, and means for supplying thefuel to said mixer body.

chamber.

and to one side of said intake port, an ignition chamber in saidremovable head disposed above and to the other side of said intake port,intake and exhaust Valves for said ports respectively having'theirvalve-stems projecting outwardly from the outer side of said removablehead, an ignitionblock entering said ignition chamber through the sidewall thereof, and stationary and rocking electrodes entering saidignition chamber through said block.

4. In a horizontal cylinder type of stationary internal combustionengine, the combination of a horizontal cylinder, a piston therein, aremovable cylinder head having an intake port disposed substantiallycen-' trally in said removable head, an exhaust port in said removablehead disposed above and to one side of said intake port, anignitionchamber in said removable head disposed above and to the other side ofsaid intake port, intake and exhaust valves for said ports respectivelyhaving their valve stems projecting outwardly, from the outer side ofsaid removable head, and make and break ignition apparatus in saidignition HAROLD E, MCoRAY;

